Alexis&London

 

Sharks vs Humans!

Welcome to London & Gabby's Comparative Anatomy Wiki Page disscussing the similarities & differences in Humans & Sharks. Including organ systems, taxonomy, ecological habitat, food chain, & mating behavior....

Human Anatomy

Organ Systems

Digestive System  The human digestive tract is a very complex system of twists & turns. When food enters the mouth it gets mechanically grinded by teeth, then the chemical digestion begins when saliva reacts with the food, softening it & breaking it down. It then travels down & through the esophagus to drop into the stomach. Acid in the stomach churns our food then releases it to the duodenum, jejunum & the ileum in the small intestine. Bile & other enzymes produced in the liver that are in the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food. From here it reaches the large intestine where water & electrolytes are removed from the food. Food travels upward in the ascending colon, then it travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, from here it reaches the descending colon, & then through the sigmoid colon. In the last phase of the digestive system solid waste is stored in the rectum to then be excreted via the anus. [|Digestive System]

Excretory System in the body. The excretory systems primary job is to excrete toxic chemicals that are produced in the body out before they cause harm. As cells break down amino acids produce a dangerous toxin called //__UREA__//. The urea is is excreted by the cells into our blood. The arterioles are then released into the Bowman's Capsule's of nephrons. This is where the wastes are taken out of the body by pressure filtration. The kidneys have two layers that help in the process. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidneys and the medulla is the inner layer. The renal pelvis helps take urine away from the kidneys via the ureter. As the bladder fills nerve impulses are sent to the brain to let us humans know when it's full. Urine is then expelled through the urethra & that my friend is the excretory system. [|Excretory System]

Respiratory System  The respiratory system is vital to our bodies and to our survival. Without the functions of these organs we all would be in trouble! The respiratory systems job is to supply blood with oxygen which then leads the blood to disperse it to the rest of the body. Respiration is achieved through the mouth, trachea, diaphragm, nose & lungs. The first phase is where oxygen enters the body through the mouth & or the nose. Oxygen passes through the larynx next & the trachea which leads down into the chest. The trachea splits into two smaller tubes which you can see above which can open into the left lung or the right lung. The bronchial tubes break down into even smaller tubes which connect to itty bitty sacs called alveoli. Can you guess how many of these air sacs the average adult has? A: about 600 million of these sacs!? Surrounded by capillaries, these capillaries are what help the oxygen diffuse through the blood. Carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the body when your lungs exhaled. The diaphragm's job is to help pump it out the lungs & the oxygen into them. When the diaphragm contracts & relaxes breathing occurs. [|Respiratory System]

<span style="color: #0090ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Circulatory System <span style="color: #0090ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">The circulatory systems job is to transport material (i.e. blood) throughout the body. On average our bodies have 5 liters of blood pumping through it via the circulatory system. The heart, lungs, & blood vessels make up the circular part of the system. Mainly the heart pumping forces the blood wherever it needs to go. The circulatory system has 3 distinct parts: pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation, & systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, then back again. Coronary circulation is the movement of blood through the tissue in the heart. And last but not least systemic circulation supplies nourishment to all the other tissue in the body. As they say each part has to work independently so they all can work together as one system. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[|Circulatory System] <span style="color: #24f074; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Nervous System <span style="color: #24f074; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">The nervous system is the control & communication center of the body. It sends & receives messages which helps control all your thoughts & movements. Parts of the nervous system are neurons, spinal cord, & the brain. Neurons are cells that make up the system. Neurons can be long & stringy which is ideal for carrying electrical messages through the nerves. The brain overall is the command center of the body. <span style="color: #24f074; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> The Central Nervous System is effectively the centre of the nervous system, the part of it that processes the information received from the peripheral nervous system. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for receiving and interpreting signals from the peripheral nervous system and also out signals to it, either consciously or unconsciously. This information highway called the nervous system consists of many nerve cells, also known as neurons. [|Nervous System] <span style="color: #0090ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Locomotion <span style="color: #24f074; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> <span style="color: #0090ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">A musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals & also humans the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal system. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphrous and contains critical components of the hemapoertic system. This system describes how bones are connected to other bones and muscle fibers via connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments. The bones provide the stability to a body in analogy to iron rods in concrete construction. Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in movement of the bones. To allow motion, different bones are connected by joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other. Muscles contract (bunch up) to move the bone attached at the joint. <span style="color: #0090ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">[|Locomotion]